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The original was posted on /r/jailbreak by /u/phoenixlegend7 on 2024-02-04 06:03:57.
If somebody want a quick-start before reading into the topic:
The basics: For reference, these are the charge levels and their estimated battery voltage (might not be very accurate as in my iPhone 12 Pro Max, 4.17v appears to be 80% and 3.84v appears to be 45%):
- 4.20V: Fully charged (100% SOC = state of charge)
- ~3.85V to 3.90V: About 50-60% SOC
- ~3.70V: About 30-40% SOC
- ~3.60V: About 20% SOC
- ~3.50V: About 10% SOC
- ~3.30V to 3.00V: Very low SOC (0-5%)
The key for perseveration: Lower voltage is better (avoid having the voltage in the edges which is lower than 20 or higher than 80). Lower temp is better (The recommended operating temperature for lithium-ion batteries is generally between 0°C (32°F) and 45°C (113°F)). Smaller charge cycles is better (So that's why it's better to keep it pinned as it will only draw as much as it needs based on usage similar to how you pin your laptop at some limit while it’s plugged in and work on it).
Tweaks/Tools/Equipment you'll need:
- BattRate version 0.0~beta2 - This will allow you to view in real time on your phone status bar the current battery charge/discharge rate in mAh along with it's voltage and temperature. Configuration used for display: $Discharge mAh $BatteryVoltage V $BatteryTemperature C
- To calculate the watt level, you can enter the battery charge level in mAh and it's voltage here:
- BattSafePro version 1.7 (you can get it from this repo: ) - This will allow you to stop charging at a certain level when charger is plugged in. I confirmed it doesn't go above this limit over night and also I can see the Batt Rate is showing 1 or 2 mAh when I use the phone while the charger is plugged in (probably it's 0mAh when not used).
- Powercuff version 0.1~18 - This will allow you to limit the charge speed to reduce heat during charging. Configuration used for limiting the charge speed: Set the setting for slowest battery charging. Note: It's not guaranteed to work for all charging blocks, so you might need to get a slower 4w-5w charging block or alternatively get a smart charger 7-8 watt cap such as Chargie version 2 which can be added on top of any charging block including a fast 20w charger and make it only draw 7-8w. To test this: When you charge the phone obtain the charging level in watt based on your postive mAh and battery voltage that BattRate shows and put it in the calculator above. For example, for me, I use a smart charger Chargie version 2 7-8 watt cap on top of my 20w fast charging block and it shows: 1380mah to 1408mah at 4.17v charging so based on the calculator it's around 5-8watt which is not too bad (it could be improved, but it's not 20w which is much worst).
- Have a 6 ft charging cable or longer so it's convenient to use the phone while it's pinned at the charge limit (Anker is considered a good brand, they have different types of cables, including nylon, braided and bio based, so look for the one that's more durable to bending).
Algorithm:
*Based on all the research information I gathered below:
I decided to pin it at 45% in my BattSafePro tweak and keep it plugged in when using the phone indoors:
- If I need it outdoors for a limited time, will charge it to 80% an hour before (or will charge it to 100% for longer outdoors travels) and let it drain to 40% (or less for longer outdoors travels if can't charge sooner) before bringing/pinning it back to 45% when back indoors.
- When it's pinned at 45%, BattRate tweak shows 0mAh or 1mAh when I use the phone while the charger is plugged in (probably it's 0mAh when not used), battery voltage is at 3.84V and battery temperature is at 24.6C.
This should extend your battery health and/or give you 2400-4000 charge cycles assuming your battery health is still in the high 90's (mine is at 98%, I wish I knew this stuff earlier but I just learned about this recently).
TLDR version of the research information which is the main highlight (see line highlighted below):
Table 4: Discharge cycles and capacity as a function of charge voltage limit
CHARGE LEVEL* (V/CELL) DISCHARGE CYCLES AVAILABLE STORED ENERGY **
[4.30] [150–250] [110–115%]
4.25 200–350 105–110%
4.20 300–500 100%
4.13 400–700 90%
4.06 600–1,000 81%
4.00 850–1,500 73%
3.92 1,200–2,000 65%
3.85 2,400–4,000 60%
I Hope you find this information useful. Let me know if you have any questions.
Cheers to 2400-4000 charge cycles :)
*Research information:
Battery University suggests 65-75% cycles is the best:" The smallest capacity loss is attained by charging Li-ion to 75 percent and discharging to 65 percent. This, however, does not fully utilize the battery. High voltages and exposure to elevated temperature is said to degrade the battery quicker than cycling under normal condition."According to the information, the optimal charge voltage for maximizing longevity is suggested to be 3.92V/cell.
Most Li-ions charge to 4.20V/cell, and every reduction in peak charge voltage of 0.10V/cell is said to double the cycle life. For example, a lithium-ion cell charged to 4.20V/cell typically delivers 300–500 cycles. If charged to only 4.10V/cell, the life can be prolonged to 600–1,000 cycles; 4.0V/cell should deliver 1,200–2,000 and 3.90V/cell should provide 2,400–4,000 cycles.
On the negative side, a lower peak charge voltage reduces the capacity the battery stores. As a simple guideline, every 70mV reduction in charge voltage lowers the overall capacity by 10 percent. Applying the peak charge voltage on a subsequent charge will restore the full capacity.
In terms of longevity, the optimal charge voltage is 3.92V/cell. Battery experts believe that this threshold eliminates all voltage-related stresses; going lower may not gain further benefits but induce other symptoms(See BU-808b: What causes Li-ion to die?)
According to Battery University, the lithium-ion battery in your smartphone will last longest if you keep it 65% to 75% charged at all times.
The question is asked, “Should I disconnect my laptop from the power grid when not in use?” Under normal circumstances this should not be necessary because charging stops when the Li-ion battery is full. A topping charge is only applied when the battery voltage drops to a certain level. Most users do not remove the AC power, and this practice is safe.
Shallow charge/discharge cycles are generally better for lithium-ion battery life compared to deep charge/discharge cycles. Shallow cycling refers to keeping the battery's state of charge (SOC) within a moderate range, typically avoiding extremes like full charge or full discharge.
Here are a few reasons why shallow cycles are considered beneficial:
Reduced Stress on the Battery: Lithium-ion batteries experience less stress when they operate within a moderate SOC range. Deep discharges and high charge levels can introduce more stress and contribute to faster capacity degradation.
Extended Cycle Life: Lithium-ion batteries have a limited number of charge/discharge cycles before their capacity significantly degrades. Shallow cycling, by avoiding extremes, helps extend the overall cycle life of the battery.
Lower Heat Generation: Charging and discharging a battery generate heat. Shallow cycles generally result in less heat buildup compared to deep cycles. Excessive heat can accelerate aging processes within the battery.
Improved Safety: Operating within a moderate SOC range is also associated with improved safety. Extreme charge or discharge conditions can lead to safety concerns, including the risk of thermal runaway.
The best way to charge your phone is a little at a time, whenever you have a chance. Just plug it in whenever you can, even if it's for a few minutes, and you'll be fine. "Partial charges cause no harm," according to Battery University.
If you plan to store your iPhone for an extended period, Apple recommends leaving it with a battery charge level of around 50%. Storing the battery at around 50% helps to prevent it from being too low, which can lead to deep discharge, and too high, which can stress the battery. This optimal storage charge level helps maintain the health of the battery during periods of inactivity.
a rough estimate, a lithium-ion battery at 50% charge might have a voltage in the range of 3.7 to 3.8 volts.
Experiment: Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, reports that using a reduced charge level of 50% SOC increases the lifetime expectancy of the vehicle Li-ion battery by 44–130%.
Lithium-ion batteries, including those used in smartphones like the iPhone, perform best within a specific temperature range. The recommended operating temperature for lithium-ion batteries is generally between 0°C (32°F) and 45°C (113°F). This temperature range is considered ideal for optimal battery performance and longevity.
*Extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, can have negative effects on lithium-ion batteries. If the battery gets too hot, it can lead to increased self-discharge and, in extreme cases, cause damage or a safety hazard. Similarly, very cold temperatures can affect the battery's ability to deliver ...
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