That's partly the reason, that's why they're used e.g. for marking bike paths. This has the added benefit of being very noticeable when you're looking at the ground.
The tram line has been open for about two years now, but people still have trouble remembering the tram has the right of way. Maybe this will help, the audible warning doesn't seem to be enough since many people have headphones (understandable, noise cancelling is a must if the city has any car traffic).
They did not really work for us, but purposely built a pension system where they paid in about 10-13 % of their income towards the pensions, while reaching pension age between 60-65. That, and a public health sector that prioritises urgent care over preventative, meaning there's insane queues for anyone who can wait as their health issues pile up – since they're not in immediate risk of death. Most urgent care gets used by pensioners, leading to the budget not being enough for anything else.
My generation pays 24 % of all income as a pension contribution before all other taxes, pension age will be between 68-70 and the system still doesn't have enough money and there's pressure for increasing contributions even further. Still the current retirees have the audacity to complain if someone tells them they had it easier. The pension system was designed as an insurance, instead of everyone's payments being invested. I have practically zero trust I'll ever see a single cent of the money I put in.
Most of the ones responsible for actually building the welfare state are already dead, or close to dying. The ones I'm talking about are their children who chose to ignore all the problems they were presented with (like the ballooning costs of pensions and healthcare, and shrinking generations), and are now whining when the next generation doesn't want to pay for all their mistakes.
The main reason I'm so fed up with the current retirees in Finland is, that there's been insane amounts of austerity for years now – but the austerity measures never affect pensions as they're treated as an earned benefit. Without any thought toward the fact that the first generations to actually "save" their pension in full (i.e. contributing enough) were those born in 60's and 70's, not the ones who are currently retired. Also the choices etc. are already taken into account, you don't get a new liver if you're an alcoholic and things like that.
Precisely, additionally we're collectively too poor for healthcare unless we do our best to reduce the need for it in the first place. That's why many countries in the EU for example are trying to regulate people away from unhealthy behaviour. Healthcare costs are already disproportionately burdened by the workforce while those who benefit are people on their last legs, since your guaranteed necessary care (at least in the Finnish system). That's why there have been talks to lax the guarantees of the healthcare system for e.g. people over 80, who cause almost the majority of all costs.
The society is planning on the basis that I'll be a productive worker until 69,5 years old – that's the recommended age for starting my government backed pension. Good luck making it that far without a rigorous focus on one's health.
Infuriatingly that would omit things like unit test runners from the history in case they don't pass. As a developer I tend to re-run failed commands quite often, not sure how widely that applies, though.
I'd assume it's WTC
Yep, infuriatingly installers often default to small /boot volumes, and if you want to change that value better say goodbye to automatic partitioning. Although, after trying to make the installer behave, giving up and manually formatting the drive, I finally got the push required to set up both encrypted root and encrypted /home on separate drives.
Currently I use an 8 GiB /boot, but I really think Debian installer should start making 2 GiB or even 4 GiB /boot the default now. Dumb to have the installer shoot itself in the foot like this. Ubuntu still does the same thing for some reason, as if we don't have room on the drives to fit a bit more futureproof /boot there.
Yep, and if you go BW there are many affordable options, like foma 100. Also many labs are still processing film if you want to try it out without developing yourself. Film has had a proper resurgence for a while now, getting a lot more traction during covid.
Ok – that works a bit differently for our code then. Standard breakers are 10 A and 16 A, which means 10 A and 16 A constant load. Load characteristics affect which profile you use, typical residential alternatives are B and C profile breakers. B trips quicker, C trips slower and is meant for circuits with more reactive load characteristics. 16 A C profile breaker can take up to an hour to trip under 18-19 A load as an example. Your standard breaker can deal with quite a lot of inrush current – even with the faster B profile.
Wiring is built to withstand approximately 15 A when using a 10 A breaker, and 20 A when using a 16 A breaker. As such, the fuses display the value for constant loads, not for the peak. The most commonly used outlets in the EU (i.e. Schuko) are rated for 8 A continuous, 16 A peak, and are typically put on a 16 A circuit. 10 A circuits are mainly used for lighting nowadays, at least in Finland – 16 A being the standard for most things.
The voltage difference might have something to do with this, as 230 V will be capable of driving much more power though a potential short. As such any actual fault condition will most likely cause the fuse to trip quite quickly. Also current code mandates GFCI on all outlets in a house, which will help with smaller faults that aren't enough for the breaker to trip.
At least here the electrical service base rate is largely set by the max amperage you can draw from the grid. I'll use my own home's electricity cost breakdown as an example (all listed prices, even the additional tax, include our 25.5 % VAT)
For many cities in Finland the base rate for grid connection is considerably higher, and especially for apartments tends to be the majority of your electricity bill outside major urban centers. Even in cities it makes up a large percentage, so there's a big incentive to not overspec your service.
As a European those power draws listed sound absolutely absurd to me. I mean, I can easily believe you, but a stove pulling 50 A at 240 V, so 12 kW, sounds like a complete overkill in normal use. The dryer power use also sounds comically high, when viewed from a country where heat pump dryers are the norm.
Let's go for a standard single family home example. Level 2 charger is either 8 A (5.5 kW) or 16 A (11 kW) three phase. On top of that, typical sauna is 6-7.5 kW, 1-2 heat pumps (approx. 1.5 kW a piece), stove (8.5 kW max), water heater (2-3 kW), + other appliances like dishwasher, washing machine etc.
It would seem like that easily trips the breaker, but you won't be charging the car and warming up the sauna at the same time, unless opting to 5.5 kW charging. However, you typically charge the car at night, when the other things running are the heat pumps and the water heater – this will end up drawing around 16 kW total (in the worst case scenario) which fits in the limit. When you don't count the car into the mix, there's plenty of power to go around.
There are multiple reasons behind this. One is our homes are relatively well insulated, which means that we can get by with a lot less AC and heating. Appliances in the EU are also generally more efficient – as an example, our dryers are typically based on heat pumps and pull a lot less amperage for the same performance. Lot of homes also don't have a dryer. Stoves have generally lower power requirements as well, and practically never draw peak power. Here's an example washer+dryer combo where the suggested fuse for the whole thing is 10 A (meaning 2.3 kW available for the combo).
So listing the same appliances you have (at 230 V single phase equivalent for simplicity, i.e. 75 A available (3 * 25))
Which will result in 79 A total worst case or 103 A depending on the car charger spec. A bit over the 75 A available, and not calculating additional smaller loads like the microwave, kettle, TV, lighting etc. That worst case will in practice never be reached, though, and even the main breaker typically has some tolerance before it trips (usually main breaker is using a slow-blow fuse equivalent profile, which doesn't immediately trip with a minor overload or a short spike). Our code mandates enough tolerance in wiring gauges that this doesn't pose any risk.
Why don't we want the added headroom then? Upgrading the service from 3x25A to 3x35A isn't really that expensive in urban areas, and can be done relatively simply? Well – Finns are stingy and depending on who happens to own your local distribution grid you can get heavily penalized monetarily in the long term, when upgrading the service to a higher tier. Caruna owns a lot of the Finnish distribution grid nowadays, and as an example from their pricing chart going from 3x25A to 3x35A raises your monthly base rate from 29.71 € to 51.68 €. That's 240 € extra per year, which is a pretty high cost for a just in case that's easily avoided. In cities that still have municipally owned distribution (Lahti, Turku, Helsinki as an example) the costs are typically much lower, both for upgrading the service and monthly costs, compared to the privately owned grids.
Also, it's typically not that expensive to upgrade your panel, if you live in a zoned area. Buildings in the unzoned area typically have good electrical connections since in the countryside you typically want access to three phases.
As an example for moving from older single phase service to 3x25A, it costs around 810 € typically, with 2000-3000 € as a worst case scenario. That's in Lahti, Finland – in Espoo it seems to be around 500 €
Of course there's then the need to upgrade the panel as well, but that's a relatively simple operation.
My childhood home had 3x90A breakers since it originally had a resistive heat setup, in a relatively large building (plus some other energy intensive equipment housed there). In reality it was far too much even then, the max load we calculated under full load was more like 25-30 kW.
Ever since Mv3 came into enforcement I've been using a local DNS blocklist in /etc/hosts (UHB more specifically) for locking the browser down as much as possible. Unfortunately this has lead to some major issues when browsing, i.e. 5-10 second latency for every single request that goes through the browser. Can't completely stop using some Chromium-browser since I need to test my work on the browser at some point.
I'm suspecting it's due to the browser waiting for some telemetry endpoint, or trying to get around the block through some other means (which won't work since outgoing DNS via anything else but the gateway is blocked in the firewall), and giving up after a specified time. At this point I've narrowed the issue down to the full version of UHB, as when toggling this off the requests no longer hang before going through. Firefox doesn't suffer from the same issues – every Chromium-derived platform suffers, though, including Electron applications like VSCode. Toggling async DNS off hasn't helped (which previously supposedly has helped some), neither has turning secure DNS (read Google's system DNS sinkhole workaround) off.
Out of curiosity, has anyone else encountered the same issue or is using a version of Chromium that's not suffering from the same issues? This is getting a bit infuriating, and though I've already moved my browsing on Firefox, it's still bothersome to run e.g. UI tests when every fetch operation takes 10 s. This even happens when connecting to stuff running on localhost or LAN addresses.
Precisely the location. Not getting covered by snow is another benefit, it's nice to see the technology being used more.