the Iranian military attacked a crowd of protesters, killing ~88 and injuring between 205-8,000. The violence increased the unrest, leading to a general strike and the Shah fleeing the country in January 1979.
The massacre, known as Black Friday, began when thousands of protesters gathered in Tehran's Jaleh Square for a religious demonstration, unaware that the government had declared martial law a day earlier due to widespread political unrest.
Some sources estimate that 4,000 people were shot down by tanks, guns, and military helicopters. The deaths were described as the pivotal event in the Iranian Revolution that ended any "hope for compromise" between the protest movement and regime of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
The massacre led to widespread protests, and a general strike in October shut down the petroleum industry that was essential to the administration's survival. The Shah fled Iran in January 1979, clearing the way for the Iranian Revolution, led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
Black Friday: The Massacre That Ignited a Revolution in Iran
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etruria's reputation in pop culture really grinds my gears
that fucking take "well um
actually the romans took credit for etruscan inventions" is so asinine and then most everyone else plays into how they're sooooo mysterious
spoiler
the first is like this imperial notion that peoples or states "invent" things to the exclusion of everyone else and some sort of magic is infused therein--the chinese "steal" western weapons technology, but by some alchemy their theft results in qualitatively worse technology (???). So the romans are not so clever since those ole etruscans made the lime cement! when a cursory understanding of roman history or literally just geography would make plain why romans would know about etruscan shit. you could walk to etruria from the capitoline hill, even if you considered the whole literally having an etruscan king thing a legendthe "mystery" is inherited from etruscan inscriptions being sparse and how they're not solidly situated in a language tree, but outside the context of being the neighbors of Rome this isn't too crazy for the area and period. these impressions particularly lean into a nationalistic lense of deep distinction between peoples, when materially, etruscan, roman and many, many, many, other little peoples are part of a broad medditerrean material culture (which is called hellenistic but shouldn't really be considered 'greek'). the etruscans aren't any weirder than the lydians, carians, or thracians, but simply had the misfortune of shacking up next to the premier world-conquerors in that part of the world
thank you coming to my ted talk