You can start steam just fine without the packages. In fact, if you install without them, it'll ask you to install them every time, but you can skip that and it'll work, just 32bit games won't launch
Edit: Looks like I'm partially wrong, as pointed out by a commenter below, steam currently only launches the 32-bit version of the client, despite support for a 5l64-bit client
Eine Minute später kommt der Zug, der vor zwei Stunden kommen hätte sollen, neues Problem
It'sintended to be used when the cookies are actually required for the app to work. For example, to preserve your login, you need a cookie, no way around. Unfortunately, as mentioned by others, it's often abused
When everything closes, are you sure that's the lock screen and not the login screen? It sounds like cinnamon is crashing, which means you're automatically switched back to the display manager (login screen). This can sometimes show the boot logo while it's switching, happens on my laptop as well, noy sure why that is.
If it is crashing, you might find the cause in the logs, run journalctl -e and dmesg to check for errors
555 is still in beta, so I wouldn't be surprised if something doesn't work. That said, I haven't experienced what you have (on GTX 1070 TI), though using 555 causes lots of kernel errors for me. Checking dmeg might reveal something in your case as well.
It's not a question of the browser, it's the addon. There are separete APIs for local and synced storage (but same interface). Both browsers use the same main api (web extension).
Pretty sure the commenter above meant that the their RAM was advertised as X GiB but they only got X GB, substitute X with 4/8/16/your amount
You can set the initial value directly in /etc/environment, did you check that? It could also be set only for your user, so it might be in ~/.profile, ~/.bashrc or ~/.bash_profile` (or the rc file for your shell if you're not using the default bash).
Edit: I suppose you could also have added a startup script in /etc/init/ or /etc/init.d/, or in /etc/rc.local
Not quite correct. For html, that is to signal standard compliance, you can leave it away and the browser will still handle it. For the bash one, all (most) shell scripts use .sh, so you need to give a shebang to tell the loader which executable (sh, bash, zsh, csh, ...) to use
Also on Linux xdg does take file extensions into account, just executables do not