this post was submitted on 12 Oct 2025
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Probably best to start contributing to an IRA after exhausting the employer match on a 401k. You have more flexibility with it and don't have to worry about later rollovers. If you can max that out, then go back to the 401k until that is maxed, but most people aren't able to do both each year.
Here's a flowchart of the best order to spend money from one of the financial subreddits. The best yields are on the earlier investment types each year, so if you are reading this please try to save at least a little regularly. It will save you so much later on. If you don't know what to invest in, historically an index fund like SPY or Vanguard will get you good returns with lower variance than individual stocks and doesn't need to be closely managed. A 401k will have more limited options but I would still try to look for a wide market index fund.
This is good advice but far more technical than I was trying to give. I was trying to give very easily actionable advice for the average person who doesn't know much about personal finance and may not be a numbers person like I and maybe you are. The kind of person I was aiming for isn't going to be contributing more than 10% of their income to retirement and probably has a couple of car loans and some credit card debt and/or personal loans floating around that they should sort out but might not ever get fully sorted.
If they've worked jobs with 401k retirement accounts but don't work there anymore, they should go to the bank and ask about meeting a retirement advisor to roll that into a IRA or similar and probably make a small monthly contribution to their IRA as well as their current job's 401k retirement account. That's the gist of my advice. If they want to actually put in the work to learning more about personal finance and fully take the reigns your above flow chart is brilliant, but I think that's far more complex than who my advice was aimed at.