Tonatiuh, the Sun, drinks the blood of the Teteo in order to gain the energy to begin his daily revolutions. Here, the divine blood, adorned with jade and turquoise, flows into him, on the day Nahui Ollin, Four Movement, which is the day the sun was born. by Corazon Mexica. insta link
Tonatiuh, 'Turquoise Lord,' was the 5th and present sun in the Aztec view of the cosmos and the fierce sun god of several other Postclassic Mesoamerican cultures, including the Toltecs. It was thought that only the regular offering of hearts from sacrificial victims would nourish Tonatiuh so that he had the strength to reign supreme in the skies and battle each night the forces of darkness. For many, the sun god is the central figure on the Sun Stone, perhaps the most famous of all Aztec art pieces, where his tongue appears as a sacrificial blade thirsty for blood.
Names & Associations
The idea in Mesoamerica of a sun god with martial qualities goes back to the Classic Maya figure of K'inich Ajaw. For the Zapotec civilization (500 BCE - 900 CE) in the southern highlands of central Mexico in the Valley of Oaxaca, Tonatiuh was Copijcha (aka Cocicho). The Toltec civilization, which flourished in central Mexico between the 10th and mid-12th century CE, closely associated Tonatiuh with Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent god, and his manifestation as the morning star aspect of the planet Venus.
To the Aztecs of ancient Mexico (c. 1345-1521 CE) Tonatiuh was also known as Cuauhtlehuanitl ('Ascending eagle') and Cuauhtemoc ('Descending eagle'). His calendar name was Nahui ollin, 4 Motion, he was patron god of the 19th day Quiahuitl (rain), and 4th of the 13 Aztec Lords of the Day with an associated 'bird' sign of the quail. The sun was associated with gold and, for the Mixtec, made of turquoise, hence Tonatiuh is sometimes known as 'Turquoise Lord' (as, confusingly, is Xiuhtecuhtli, the Aztec god of Fire). Tonatiuh was a fierce and warlike god and it is suggestive that the Aztecs called the cruel and ruthless conquistador Pedro de Alvarado none other than Tonatiuh.
The Aztec Creation Myth
The Aztecs believed that the cosmos had already gone through four stages, each with its own sun and beings. The present era for the Aztecs was that of the 5th and final sun, Tonatiuh. The god had been born from the sacrifice of Nanahuatzin who threw himself into a fire at Teotihuacan and thus became the new sun. There was an immediate problem that Tonatiuh could or would not set himself in motion across the sky without a blood sacrifice. Now stepped in Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, for the Aztecs the planet Venus as the menacing morning star. He angrily threw his atl-atl dart at Tonatiuh in order to set him on his orbit, but the sun retaliated by throwing a dart right back. This missile hit Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli right in the forehead, instantly transforming him into stone and the god Itztlacoliuhqui, a deity associated with ice and cold. The rest of the gods realised that only a sacrifice would set the sun in motion and so Quetzalcoatl removed their hearts for that purpose. The offering worked and Tonatiuh was on his way.
Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli had not left the scene permanently, though, and every 584 days he rises from the eastern sea to do battle with Tonatiuh once again. For this reason, Tonatiuh had to be strengthened via the sacrifice of humans so that he could feast on their hearts, just as he had first been nourished by the hearts of the gods. It was imagined that the sun was swallowed each night by the earth-fertility goddess, Tlaltecuhtli, and then regurgitated by the toad-like monster the following morning. Sacrifices ensured his successful return and victory each night against her and the forces of darkness.
Warriors were closely associated with Tonatiuh because it was their duty to ensure a steady supply of sacrificial victims for him. The spirits of dead warriors, too, were conducted to the next life by Tonatiuh. In addition, given the sun's vital role in ensuring the well-being of the cosmos and the Aztec ruler's position as chief warrior, Tonatiuh had his own sacrificial altar during coronation ceremonies. In times of great strife such as famine, droughts, and war, Tonatiuh could receive the huge number of bloody sacrifices that the Aztecs have become infamous forever since.
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What do people think of the documentary L'Chaim, Comrade Stalin?
I watched it the other night, thinking from the title it would be pretty pro-Stalin and I could've sworn people here recommended it, but it ended up critiquing Stalin as an antisemite quite a bit. Now there are some things I could see, like, saying the Jewish Autonomous Oblast was not good land and they didn't receive much assistance from Moscow. Maybe even some claims that USSR and Stalin later in life became more antisemitic after the War, not that I necessarily agree with that but okay fine. But it just went so far that I started questioning the whole film, which was generally pretty interesting.
There was even a scene where someone almost literally says there was a "rumor" that before Stalin died he was planning on sending all Soviet Jews to the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and killing them all there as his Final Solution to the Jewish Question. cue ominous music Just made me laugh that it was stated as such a certain fact even though it was prefaced as being a rumor. You have to have the attention span of a fucking goldfish to miss that one.
There was another guy who said Stalin created the JAO and sent Jews there because he didn't like Jews and saw them as a Fifth Column who could betray USSR and support the Nazis. The unlikeliness of that alliance aside (given Trotsky and the Zionists), it also made me laugh because the film itself said Stalin set up the JAO in 1934. The very same year that Hitler first became FΓΌhrer of Nazi Germany and just about 7 years before Nazi Germany declared war on USSR and 10 years before the deportation of Tatars and others under Stalin. What???
They also had a scene where apparently someone's father was a Jewish representative from JAO to Europe (can't remember if they said to Germany or one of the Scandinavian countries) and that they left a committed, true believer Communist and came back changed for life. He apparently claimed that something unjust was happening in USSR because he saw that the losers of WW2 were living better off than the victors in USSR. Which, yeah, of course, the US poured a ton of money into Europe for precisely anti-Communist reasons and USSR had just barely industrialized, entered a catastrophic world war, won, and was barely trying to recover while needing to enter an arms race with the US and still hated by the rest of the imperialist world. Of course there were economic disparities. How is that necessarily Stalin's fault? Granted, there were economic issues to be criticized in USSR, especially post-Stalin with the advent of Capitalist Restoration, but it actually said things were better under Gorbachev's Perestroika than Stalin's time. Huh???
It was a strange film. Now, again, USSR wasn't perfect and Stalin was human like anyone else, albeit made of Steel. So, yeah, I could see both fucking things up and getting some critiques, even some major ones, but I just lost all trust in the film at some point so I'm not sure what to think of it.
Joseph V. Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952, corresponded with an American news agency about the matter of antisemitism in 1931:
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1931/01/12.htm
Shame only a few years later he became literally worse than Hitler and planned to exterminate all the Jewish people in Soviet Union, according to some guy who knew a guy who heard from a guy that Stalin was secretly thinking about it.