memes

Yes! The difference between these two types of infinities (the set of non-negative integers and the set of non-negative real numbers) is countability. Basically, our real numbers contain rational numbers, which are countable, and irrational numbers, which are not. Each irrational number is its own infinity, and you can tell this because you cannot write one exactly as a number (it takes an infinite numbers of decimals to write it, otherwise you've written a ratio :) ). So, strictly speaking, the irrational numbers are the bigger infinity between the two.

The conventional view on infinity would say they're actually the same size of infinity assuming the 1 and the 100 belong to the same set.

You're right that one function grows faster but infinity itself is no different regardless of what you multiply them by. The infinities both have same set size and would encompass the same concept of infinity regardless of what they're multiplied by. The set size of infinity is denoted by the order of aleph (ℵ) it belongs to. If both 1 and 100 are natural numbers then they belong to the set of countable infinity, which is called aleph-zero (ℵ₀). If both 1 and 100 are reals, then the size of their infinities are uncountably infinite, which means they belong to aleph-one (ℵ₁).

That said, you can definitely have different definitions of infinity that are unconventional as long as they fit whatever axioms you come up with. But since most math is grounded in set theory, that's where this particular convention stems from.

Anyways, given your example it would really depend on whether time was a factor. If the question was "would you rather have 1 • x or 100 • x dollars where x approaches infinity every second?" well the answer is obvious, because we're describing something that has a growth rate. If the question was "You have infinity dollars. Do you prefer 1 • ∞ or 100 • ∞?" it really wouldn't matter because you have infinity dollars. They're the same infinity. In other words you could withdraw as much money as you wanted and always have infinity. They are equally as limitless.

Now I can foresee a counter-argument where maybe you meant 1 • ∞ vs 100 • ∞ to mean that you can only withdraw in ones or hundred dollar bills, but that's a synthetic constraint you've put on it from a banking perspective. You've created a new notation and have defined it separately from the conventional meaning of infinity in mathematics. And in reality that is maybe more of a physics question about the amount of dollar bills that can physically exist that is practical, and a philosophical question about the convenience of 1 vs 100 dollar bills, but it has absolutely nothing to do with the size of infinity mathematically. Without an artificial constraint you could just as easily take out your infinite money in denominations of 20, 50, 1000, a million, and still have the same infinite amount of dollars left over.

Infinity aside, the growth rate of number of bills vs the value of those bills has nothing to do with the original scenario though. It's like arguing that a kilogram of feathers weighs less than a kilogram of bowling balls because the scale goes up less for every feather I put on the scale compared to every bowling ball I put on the scale.

Edit: Though if you want to talk about how weird infinity really is, here are some fun facts for you:

• There are just as many even numbers as rational numbers, even though all even numbers are rational but not all rational numbers are even. This is because both sets are countably infinite.

• There are more irrational numbers than rational numbers. This is because even though both sets are infinite, the set of irrational numbers is uncountably infinite.

it's actually Vulcan

but in this case we are comparing the growth rate of two functions

oh, you mean like taking the ratio of the derivatives of two functions?

it's like the elementary school playground argument saying "infinity + 1" there is no "infinity + 1", it's just infinity

but that's not the scenario. The question is whether $100x is more valuable than $1x as x goes to infinity. The number of bills is infinite (and you are correct that adding one more bill is still infinity bills), but the value of the money is a larger $infinity if you have $100 bills instead of $1 bills.

Edit: just for clarity, the original comment i replied to said

Lhopital's rule doesn't fucking apply when it comes to infinity. Why are so many people in this thread using lhopital's rule. Yes, it gives us the limit as x approaches infinity but in this case we are comparing the growth rate of two functions that are trying to make infinity go faster, this is not possible. Infinity is infinite, it's like the elementary school playground argument saying "infinity + 1" there is no "infinity + 1", it's just infinity. Infinity is the range of all the numbers ever, you can't increase that set of numbers that is already infinite.