You can try use modprobe 88x2bu rtw_switch_usb_mode=1 to force the adapter run under USB 3.0. But if your adapter/port/motherboard not support it, the driver will be in restart loop. Remove the parameter and reload the driver to restore. Alternatively, modprobe 88x2bu rtw_switch_usb_mode=2 let's it run as USB 2 device.
The phrasing here reads to me like the driver supports it as long as the hardware does (though I have no way to prove this). The implementation of USB in the Linux kernel has several layers of abstraction, so it is rather likely that the distinction between USB2 and USB3 devices takes place on a completely different level of abstraction from where this driver is implemented.