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Reverse osmosis takes a ton of energy, and creates brine as a byproduct, which is difficult to get rid of.
There are already lots of viable strategies for getting rid of brine, they are just more expensive than the naïve approach of having a big pipe on the shore spewing it into the ocean. Diluting it with seawater seems to be the most viable right now.
I wonder if something like a 10 km underwater pipe with small holes in it that only let out a little bit of brine at a time would work. Might be a hassle to lay, at least to start, but I think that once it is in place it could operate without maintenance for decades. And piping is not really that expensive. Perhaps there are already researchers studying it, or it has been proven to not work. It seems like such an obvious idea.
There was an article the other day about a new plant in Japan that takes the brine from a reverse osmosis plant, and reverse osmosisizes [?] it again back into treated waste water to generate electricity. As I recall, it's not full scale and meant more as a test/demo/proof of concept, but apparently it works ok for a first attempt.
Brine and fresh water. Costs energy to separate, makes energy letting them recombine.
No. My memory is that the English language article was a bit unclear on the details and had several indications that the author didn't actually understand the technology, but someone said a Japanese language article did a better job of explaining it.
Brine and fresh water doesn't make any sense, because you're spending energy to create fresh water with the brine as the waste. Just turning around and recombining it to make evergy again is stupid. You can't even get back as much energy as you used to make the fresh water.
But, spending the energy to create the fresh water, letting people use that water as normal, collecting their waste water as normal, treating the waste water as normal, and then, instead of just dumping the treated waste water into the sea, recombining it with the brine to make energy makes a ton of sense.