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The original was posted on /r/japantravel by /u/Steingar on 2025-11-24 07:58:34+00:00.
Hi all. Over the six times I've visited Japan so far, I have, among many other wonderful experiences, visited all twelve of the original Japanese castles. I wanted to give a bit of a background on this experience, why I think doing so is great if you have the opportunity, as well as give my (highly subjective) ranking of the castles for those who might be interested in seeing some of them.
What are the twelve original castles of Japan?
Although Japan has hundreds of castles, the vast majority of them are reconstructions. The twelve original castles are those whose keep (tenshu) still survives from at least the Edo period.
The reason why there are so few remaining is mostly due to political reasons and war. Many of them were dismantled as a consequence of the Haijō Edict of 1873, which was enforced by the Meiji government to reduce the influence and power base of the previous samurai/daimyo class. Many of the remaining castles would later be destroyed by fire or bombing in WWII, leaving just the current twelve remaining.
Those that remain largely survived due to a combination of luck, being far from large cities or power centres, being in too difficult a location to dismantle, or lobbying and financial support by influential locals.
Why and how did I come to see them all?
My desire to visit all the castles happened gradually over time. On my first trip to Japan in 2017, I saw Matsumoto and Himeji castles as part of a larger journey. I enjoyed them greatly but didn’t give seeing any of the other original castles much additional thought.
On my third trip to Japan in 2024, I was doing a loop around Shikoku and was surprised to find that my route, with some minor adjustments, would pass me by four additional OG castles. This took me to some truly remote and wonderful areas, and from this experience I was inspired to visit the six remaining ones.
After Shikoku, I travelled north into Tohoku, and as part of this route saw Bitchū Matsuyama, Inuyama, and Hirosaki castle.
Finally, on my most recent trip to Japan, I started in Nagoya and chained together Hikone, Maruoka, and finally Matsue castles, completing all twelve by November 2025.
Is going to see all twelve castles worth it?
Ironically, no. Unless you are a massive castle nerd or Japan history geek, it’s really hard to justify travelling specifically to see them. Although many of them are extremely beautiful and fascinating, it’s also true that a lot of them are small, look the same, and often have little of interest inside of them.
However, what really inspired me to visit them all is that they’re mostly located in remote and untouristed areas. Visiting the castles therefore became a kind of elaborate and admittedly silly excuse for me to journey into prefectures that I otherwise wouldn’t even know existed. It is not the castles themselves, therefore, that make seeing them such a treasure, but rather the way they act as a trojan horse to see some of the most beautiful, remote, and breath-taking regions of Japan.
Therefore, if you want to have a bit of fun ticking all the original castles off your bucket list and getting those bragging rights, but also see some truly wonderful places as part of the trip, I can’t recommend seeing them enough.
My ranking of the twelve castles
Without further ado, here’s my ranking of the twelve castles. Note that I don’t even pretend that this list is objective: my experiences can and will be influenced by recency bias, the season I visited them, and even my feelings on the day. Treat it as a curiosity to inspire (or enrage) you to go see the castles for yourself and draw your own conclusions.
With each rank, I’ll also include the month I went there (since some castles will be more or less beautiful depending on the season) as well as some sites nearby that you should check out if you go decide to visit there, in keeping with what I said before about them being a great conduit for further exploration of Japan.
12. Uwajima castle, Ehime (09/24)
Poor Uwajima castle. Featuring a small castle keep, with no surrounding infrastructure of interest, and a fairly unremarkable view of the nearby town, it really doesn’t have much going for it. It does, however, have the notable distinction of being the only castle that had no information in English (not even a brochure)! The walk through the forest up to the castle is pretty nice though.
- Worth visiting nearby: Uchiko (quaint village famous for their wax and paper)
11. Marugame castle, Kagawa (09/24)
Similar to Uwajima castle, but with a slightly nicer view towards the Seto inland sea. I actually enjoyed wandering the castle grounds, which were fairly expansive, but the castle keep itself doesn’t have much of interest.
- Worth visiting nearby: Kotohira-gu (horse temple up large flight of stairs); Ritsurin (fantastic garden with wonderfully sculpted trees)
10. Inuyama castle, Aichi (10/24)
Probably a controversial placement. Inuyama castle is interesting because it’s essentially the only one close to a very large city (Nagoya). Perhaps as a consequence of this, when I was there it was absolutely packed out with tourists. However, because it’s still a fairly small castle, we were all squished in there and it was hard to enjoy. The walk up to the castle and view is quite nice though, with some shrines and other stuff which are cool to look at.
- Worth visiting nearby: Nagoya (I liked the SCMaglev and Railway Park)
9. Hirosaki castle, Aomori (10/24)
Hirosaki castle is set on some really nice grounds, with some lovely trees and areas for walking. There is also some additional infrastructure around the castle (like watchtowers, etc.) which give it a more substantial feeling. Sadly, the keep itself was undergoing repairs and could not be entered, which made the experience a bit redundant. I also recall the nearby moat was dry at the time. Apparently, this area has some really nice cherry blossoms in spring, so maybe that’s a better season to see it.
- Worth visiting nearby: Oirase Keiryū (lovely gorge walk near lake); Osorezan Bodai-ji (amazing temple to Jizō on a volcano)
8. Maruoka castle, Fukui (11/25)
Maruoka castle was to me “the little castle that could”. Small like Uwajima and Marugame, but the locals there seemed really passionate about it. The view of the countryside is quite nice since there are no nearby tall buildings. It also looks lovely in the autumn. Just a cosy castle, I couldn’t help but be charmed.
- Worth visiting nearby: Daihonzan Eiheiji (temple beautiful in autumn)
7. Matsue castle, Shimane (11/25)
Largish castle keep with a pretty unique basement area that features a well, which seemed sensible to me. The surrounding gardens and moat area are lovely to walk around as there are lots of camellias and plum blossoms, and there’s a bit of additional infrastructure (walls, watchtowers, and drum tower) to occupy some time.
- Worth visiting nearby: Mt Daisen (great hike with ice/snow on top in late autumn); Izumo Taisha (famous shrine)
6. Hikone castle, Shiga (11/25)
From this point onward, picking the placement of the castles becomes challenging. For instance: to me, Hikone castle is really lovely. In the autumn the moat area is gorgeous with maple trees all around. The garden behind the castle is also resplendent. There are some additional buildings like walls and such which give a bit more stuff to do, and the view over lake Biwa is wonderful.
- Worth visiting nearby: Genkyū-en (stately garden with views of the castle)
5. Matsuyama castle, Ehime (09/24)
Matsuyama castle is really fantastic. It has a lot of external infrastructure, including walls that loop around the hill the castle is placed on, as well as connecting corridors and watch towers. The walk through the forest surrounding it is also stellar, and inexplicably has the fattest cats I’ve ever seen in my life. You can get a nice view of the sunset from the top as well.
- Worth visiting nearby: Dogo onsen (inspiration for Spirited Away)
4. Himeji castle, Hyogo (11/17)
Ok, not putting Himeji castle in the top three might seem insane but hear me out. Himeji is the most imposing of the castles and has some superb aesthetics and surrounding infrastructure. It is definitely a must see on any trip to Japan. But, because of all this, it is absolutely packed to the brim with tourists. You are shuffled along at a quick pace from section to section, and it’s hard to really stop and appreciate its majesty. It’s both essential and a bit exhausting.
- Worth visiting nearby: Kobe and surrounding area (Arima Onsen was nice)
3. Bitchū Matsuyama castle, Okayama (09/24)
Bitchū Matsuyama castle is super interesting because it’s the only surviving mountain castle. It’s not that close to any town and is at the top of a substantially sized hill with a thick forest. Hiking up from the bottom past the large walls and imposing structures to the keep takes about an hour, and really gives you a sense for how difficult it would be to assault such an impenetrable fortress. It evokes a true defensive structure, not just a quaint tourist spot or museum like most of the others do. It’s easily the most unique and, in my mind, interesting of the twelve original castles. Plus, it has a skateboarding cat at the top! (No I will not elaborate.)
- Worth visiting nearby: Kibi Plain (amazing bike ride through fields and old grave mounds...
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